Modern society in the UK and Saudi Arabia

Present day society in the UK and Saudi Arabia Present day society has numerous definitions and this exposition will present one of them, It is a general public showed that equivalent current about a premise old enough, or mechanical and social or in fact whatever else. Besides, is the advanced time of the created world distinctive to that of the less evolved world .(Llexperts) Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom have similitudes in present day society, for example, the Monarchy and contrasts in current society, for example, the way of life. Additionally, they have contrasts and similitudes in youth culture, social government assistance, sexual orientation jobs, and populace and I will portray them later in the primary body for this exposition. I have picked this point since I am concentrating in the United Kingdom and I need learn and research increasingly about the cutting edge society in the UK and I will analyze present day society in the UK and Saudi Arabia. Above all else, will be given data about the adolescent culture in Saudi Arabia and the UK, for example, what the youngsters lean toward of garments, sport, cars㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦etc. Furthermore, analyze and assess the social government assistance, for example, training, social program, emergency clinic. In the UK and Saudi Arabia. At long last, the sexual orientation jobs in the UK and Saudi Arabia what work they like and what the open door for them later on. Examination: In youth culture mean what recognizes human rights as an article rational mastermind creates thoughts and information by intuition and encounters and gain from others, and of the essential senses shared by human and creature is desirous of get together youth culture as a rule Indicates to the methods of youngsters, for example, adolescents separate themselves from the general culture of their locale. There are numerous distinctions and similitudes between the young culture in the UK and the KSA. The principle distinction between the youngsters in the UK and the KSA is that in the UK the greater part of youngsters invest the energy at the end of the week in the pop or club with the companions while in the KSA the vast majority of youngsters invest the time with the loved ones in the house, sea shore, and café. That mean the wrongdoing is increment in the UK at the end of the week on the grounds that the youngsters were tanked and behaved gravely though in the KSA better and they will do act well.(BBC) Youngsters in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia are comparable in that they have intrigued for sport, as indicated by, (Haynes, R. 1995). Says that The Football Imagination is the first inside and out investigation of football fanzine (fan magazine) culture, adding to the broad collection of information on the football business which has created in the course of recent years in the UK and Europe As will as wearing, United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia are comparable as far as slang, More significantly, they share the equivalent social convictions. Be that as it may, possibly this custom can be impact for the Arabic and English language since no one can be utilize the old language and perhaps the individuals has overlooked it additionally make the language hard for the individuals who need to learn other language. Sex imply that disposing of sexual orientation divergence, or in any case drop the effect of organic contrasts between the genders and to forestall without considering those distinctions when managing the circulation of jobs and capacities between the genders; where demonstrates that the idea of sex jobs that have been arranged social effect of the community.(moheet). As indicated by faqs says that What is male? What is female? Your responses to these inquiries may rely upon the sorts of sexual orientation jobs you were presented to as a kid. Sexual orientation jobs can be characterized as the practices and mentalities expected of male and female individuals from a general public by that society. Sexual orientation jobs differ. Various societies force various desires upon the people who live in that culture. The United States has encountered enormous change and updating of its customary sexual orientation jobs in the last age. These adjustments in sex jobs influence the home, the work environment, and the school, and they influence all Americans somewhat. There are numerous distinctions and likenesses between the sexual orientation jobs in the UK and the KSA. The primary contrast between the young lady in the UK and KSA is that in the UK, the young lady can drive a vehicle, though in the KSA the young lady can not drive also. Yet, might be later on the young lady will drive on the grounds that there are no contrasts between the young lady and men likewise as per the lord Abdullah says ladies well be drive a vehicle in future in the KSA about. While the individuals in the UK male and female can cooperate as a one group, the individuals in the KSA male and female can not cooperate except if in the particular occupation, for example, the bank or the organizations. Since the way of life in the KSA it doesn't acknowledge that. Despite the fact that, blend sexual orientation in work has a few preferences for instance, will expand rivalry with the other, the ladies will attempt to demonstrate their essence in the work, and the man will be keen on appearance and dressed, at whatever point he went to his activity. Additionally, blend sex in the work has a few drawbacks, for example, Sexual badgering. As indicated by ( Hinsliff,G. 2006) says A shrouded universe of lewd behavior, with female supervisors misusing their control over men in the workplace, has been revealed by another administration overview. In spite of the regular generalization of the male official squeezing his secretary, two out of five casualties of inappropriate behavior are men, the examination found. A fourth of the men addressed in the Department of Trade and Industry review revealed being bothered by a customer whom they additionally felt obliged to please. As indicated by the Equal Opportunities Commission, 8 percent of calls to its lewd behavior helpline are from men, despite the fact that exploration shows male casualties are more uncertain than ladies to whine. It demands that male protests ought to be paid attention to similarly as. It influences the two ladies and men, causing pressure, medical issues and money related punishments when they exit their positions to stay away from it, said Jenny Watson, seat of the EOC. Lawfully, lewd behavior is characterized as lascivious conduct, for example, grabbing, yet as any type of denigration of laborers on account of their sex. Male casualties were more probable than ladies to whine of the second sort of badgering where a female administrator treats ladies more well than men or reprimands male workers all the more normally . Just as ladies can not drive in the KSA, UK and KSA are contrasts in the office for the ladies, for example, sport the ladies in the KSA they don't have decision to play sport where as in the UK they can play. Football, rugby, and swimming. Government assistance imply that the scope of endeavors made by the State through it is establishments, and individuals from the network through the endeavors of volunteers to accomplish social government assistance and lodging programs incorporate standardized savings and youngster care㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦.etc. Additionally, the social government assistance mean the Pattern of administrations the association that are presented by families or the nations or willful associations to forestall or improve the social conditions.( ejtemay) As indicated by wikipedia says Welfare or government assistance work comprises of activities or methodology particularly with respect to governments and establishments endeavoring to advance the essential prosperity of people out of luck. These endeavors as a rule endeavor to improve the money related circumstance of individuals out of luck however may likewise endeavor to improve their business possibilities and numerous different parts of their lives including some of the time their psychological well-being. In numerous nations, most such guide is given by relatives, family members, and the neighborhood network and is just hypothetically accessible from government sources. In American English, government assistance is frequently likewise used to allude to money related guide gave to people out of luck, which is called benefit(s) or government assistance benefits in British English. Government assistance can take an assortment of structures, for example, money related installments, sponsorships and vouchers, wellbeing administrations, or lodging. Government assistance can be given by governments, non-administrative associations, or a blend of the two. Government assistance plans might be subsidized legitimately by governments, or in social protection models, by the individuals from the government assistance conspire . UK and KSA are different in instruction, particularly with expense. Understudies in KSA can concentrate without pay anything, though understudies in UK have paid for that. As indicated by wikipedia.org says Undergraduates settle up to  £3000 per annum (topped) in top-up expenses and Postgraduates commonly pay  £3000 per annum anyway a few establishments charge more ,while understudies in KSA have month to month stipend from government to energize them.(moe) Human services framework in the United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia are comparative in that they have great social insurance framework as per Wikipedia.org says Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a degenerated issue, which means England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each has its own arrangement of private and freely supported medicinal services, along with elective, comprehensive and integral medicines. Open medicinal services is given to all UK changeless inhabitants and is free at the purpose of need being paid for from general tax collection. Taken together, the World Health Organization, in 2000, positioned the arrangement of human services in the United Kingdom as fifteenth best in Europe and eighteenth on the planet. Likewise, KSA has great human services framework as per www.moh.gov.sa says The places of access or the wellbeing of the number of inhabitants in Saudi Arabia to the furthest reaches conceivable and the best as far as equity and balance in care and as far as v iability and the chance of worrying about the budgetary concern of treatment and social insurance and to work so as to arrive at the degree of the buyer to fulfill his desire, by giving this uncommon home wellbeing administrations and the general population with a significant level of value and administrations to cover the whole populace At last, there are contrasts between the UK and KSA for the lodging that the UK bolster the individuals while the KSA it doesn't. As per Page Richard (223:1999) says tha

Alcohol Advertising: The Cause of Underage Drinking? Essay -- essays

Liquor Advertising: The Cause of Underage Drinking?      The question, â€Å"Is liquor publicizing the reason for underage drinking?† appears to move through the brains of numerous American families. The response to the inquiry to a great extent relies upon the families see upon drinking when all is said in done. A few homes energize drinking now and then, for social purposes; while others censure everything together. The subject is dubious with a few variables saying something, for example, religion, family foundation, and wellbeing. In spite of the contrasting perspectives, insights have indicated that underage drinking has arrived at another stature this previous year. What is the reason for this ascent in pre-adult drinking? I will audit crafted by four distinct creators trying to respond to this inquiry.      Dina Berta grew up with liquor in her home and accepts that liquor is a piece of American life, and is a typical backup to most get-togethers. She stated, â€Å"Most Americans appreciate drinking on a standard basis.† She feels that Americans are too â€Å"uptight† and that drinking socially, even underage, isn't an issue. George Hacker and Robyn Suriano can't help contradicting her and they feel that underage drinking has become a significant issue and that youngsters are drinking all the more vigorously at a more youthful age. Suriano states, â€Å"alcohol is the most mishandled tranquilize in the nation, and the quantity of youngsters attempting mixed refreshments before they arrive at 18 has multiplied in the past decade.† Hacker concurs with this point by giving the measurement that 4.1 million children more youthful than 18 attempted liquor in the year 2000. Programmer additionally expresses his conviction that when the young beverage, they d rink intensely and too much. Suriano and Hacker both concur that the reason for over the top underage drinking is promotions.      The subject of liquor commercials pessimistic impacts on the practices of youngsters is various. Most alcohol and lager organizations concur with Berta that the reason for liquor advertisings is to urge consumers to attempt new brands, not to advance exorbitant drinking. Programmer states, â€Å"despite the goal of the business, explore shows that liquor promoting influences youthful people.† He emphatically can't help contradicting Berta, expressing that the ads have a pessimistic impact. â€Å"It prearranges them to drink and drink too much for a â€Å"good time.† ... ...ge drinking and she gives a rundown of suggestions that all guardians ought to pass by so as to ease the issue. The assessments of these four creators demonstrate that liquor publicizing is an incredibly dubious subject. When addressing American’s youth, you will get fluctuated reactions, like the clashing assessments of the creators. A few homes side with Dina Berta and Jon Kate, while others concur more with Robyn Suriano and George Hacker. Liquor businesses agree with Berta and Kate. Berta feels promoting is fine and that drinking is an ordinary piece of American culture. Kate feels that there is an issue with underage drinking however that ads are not the reason. Robyn Suriano and George Hacker feel underage drinking is a major issue and move needs to make place so as to lessen underage drinking. Programmer accuses promotions while Suriano feels the issue originates from the two ads and the family. As appeared, the subject is truly far from being obviously true, contingent to a great extent upon individual childhood and encounters. Consequently, the inquiry despite everything remain s, â€Å"Are liquor commercials the reason for underage drinking?†  â â â â  â â â â

Business Now: Change Is the Only Constant Essay

Audit Questions What variables add to the quick pace of progress in business? Is the pace prone to quicken or diminish throughout the following decade? Why? Money related Institutions got a bailout By President Obama in 2009, Mortgage esteems dropped, budgetary organizations start to Feel the weight particularly firms, for example, Bear Stearns that had practical experience in exchanging Mortgage sponsored protections. There was $61.7bn in misfortunes with AIG, solid economy Out of more occupations can quicken the following decade, there be a spending shortage. AIG got A $180bn bailout; while Bank of America got $45bn just as JP Morgan Chase $25bn, Goldman Sachs got $10bn. The Rapid pace of progress in business is the Internet, Cellphones and introduction on TV. What job does enterprise play in the economy? Who stands to pick up from the achievement of individual business visionaries? How do different gatherings benefit?People hazard their Time, cash and different assets to begin and deal with a business. Be that as it may, They additionally Give plan to a superior workforce. Many individuals; who are jobless, for example, myself Right currently will secure positions that are progressively adaptable and testing, working for of all shapes and sizes entrepreneurs. When did American business start to focus on client needs? Why? Estimation of Certain Products start to go up. High Gas Prices from $1.25 to $4.25, The Cost of a portion Of Bread is $2.79, the expense of dishwashing fluid about a $1.00, Purchase of items, By Consumers. How do philanthropic associations contrast with organizations? What job do not-for-profits play in The economy? How would they associate with organizations? Philanthropies assist you with learning and Grow. Different organizations turn benefit on deals and keen purchasing. Charities being Organizations such those with Computers would be not-for-profit. Shopper products help the Community. What are the variables of creation? In what manner would economies be able to develop when at least one of the elements is feeble? Solid Communication, associations, Business Plan and Ethics. A few Businesses fall, on account of voracity or an outrage, in view of ravenousness or something else, all the more thus, Lack of Strong Communication, associations, no field-tested strategy, no Ethics. What are the 5 components of the business condition? Talk about the key components in every region as they identify with U.S.- based organizations. Measurement of Business Environment | Key Elements | The Economic | Jobs,Income, Inflation, Interest rates, Productivity, and Wealth that impact the purchasing conduct, of Consumers and organizations. | The Competitive The Workforce Advantage | A piece of the Company’s External Environment Yield’s Tangible, main concern results. Comprising of different firms Trying win clients in a similar market. It is the Segment of the Industry that incorporates every single prompt Rival. | The Technological Environment | Includes any apparatuses that business can use to turn out to be More productive. Change in Technology can influence The Company. Any instruments, be Computers, Telecommunications, and other computerized items. Spurred Apple Employees help make fulfilled Apple Customers. | The Global Environment | The U.S. Economy works inside the Context of the Global Environment, interfacing ceaselessly with different Economies. | The Global Environment/Ethics and Social Responsibility | truth be told, in the course of the most recent two decades, innovation and facilitated commerce have obscured the lines between singular Economies around the globe. Innovation has manufactured Unprecedented connections among nations, making it financially savvy even proficient to build up PC help Centers in Bombay to support clients in Boston, or To enlist Programmers in Buenos Aires to make sites For Companies in Stockholm. Furthermore, Global Trade has Forged uncommon connections among countries, for example, Los Angeles, New York, London, Moscow and Tokyo. | What are some key methodologies for building up a serious edge in today’s serious worldwide market? How significant is consumer loyalty? Plans for Globalization and Global Reach, Region-Specific Marketing to give some examples systems. How has the ascent of the World Wide Web changed strategic approaches? What are the advantages and disadvantages for business? For customers? How has the meaning of assorted variety changed after some time? Could an assorted workforce help an organization contend all the more successfully? How? How has the worldwide organized commerce development affected business? Who benefits? Why? Who loses? Why? Application Questions Bring a second to write down 5 things that you love to do. Think extensively (yet keep it clean). Your rundown could remember anything from presenting pictures for Facebook on tuning in to your preferred music. At that point conceptualize a rundown of business professions that could include at least two of your interests. A situation in club showcasing, for example, could remember surfing for Facebook and tuning in to extraordinary music. What abilities would you have to prevail in each position? Which aptitudes do you have and which would you have to create? Best organizations today effectively create faithful clients who purchase their brands over and over. All things considered, getting present clients to purchase more is a lot simpler than continually looking for new clients. Consider three brands that you purchase all the time. For what reason do you adhere to these items? How could another organization oust you? Enterprise has unmistakably changed the world economy. Pick 3 fruitful business people, and use research to investigate their administration styles and methods of reasoning. While you can unquestionably utilize nearby entrepreneursâ€or even family membersâ€some more prominent (and rather beautiful) business visionaries include: Jeff Bezos, organizer of Amazon; Debbi Fields, author of Mrs. Fields Cookies; Richard Branson, organizer of the Virgin Group; Anita Roddick, originator of The Body Shop; and Vishal Gondal, author of Indiagames. On the off chance that you were a business visionary, what approach do you think would be best for you? Why? Conceptualize a rundown of enterprises that the Internet has changed. What are the purposes for the changes? How would you envision that innovation will change business later on? Use research to build up a rundown of organizations where you trust you might want to work. What characteristics do these organizations share for all intents and purpose? Accomplishes an incredible workplace lead to progress, or does achievement make an extraordinary work environment? When representatives appreciate the workplace is an organization bound to succeed? Why or why not? Group Project Organizations that continually enhance are plainly bound to prevail in today’s hyper-serious, worldwide condition. Advancement thoughts will in general originate from entrepreneurs and workers who routinely practice their inventiveness. This group venture is intended to assist you with working with your cohorts to utilize your inventive muscles. Break into gatherings of 3 to 5 individuals. Pick an item or administration that all of you purchase all the time. (Conceivable outcomes could incorporate anything from a film studio to a neighborhood pizza place.) Write a short portrayal of how the item is situated in the commercial center comparative with its opposition. At that point cooperate to make sense of why you are faithful clients and how the opposition could oust you throughout the following five years. Compose a one page intend to harden your situation in the commercial center Consider making a huge difference from the item highlights to the promoting scenes. Offer your arrangement with the class and assemble criticism about how well it may function. Case Connections Do the heroes truly finish first? Sadly, at once or another, basically everybody has encountered the vitality sucking killjoy of working for a mean chief, or playing in a group with a testy mentor, or even simply spending time with a companion or relative feeling spoiled. Research in the Harvard Business Review calls attention to that states of mind are profoundly infectious and that mind-sets that start at the top are the most â€Å"catching† of all since everybody watches the chief and will in general take their enthusiastic prompts from the person in question. Indeed, investigate shows that work groups across assorted ventures wind up sharing states of mind †both great and terrible †inside two hours. Strangely, real sprightliness and warmth spread most rapidly, touchiness all the more gradually, and sadness most gradually. While few can contend that working for a cheery, motivational, hopeful supervisor is progressively fun, positive experience, there is less understanding about whether the bossâ €™s disposition impacts the organization’s primary concern. The key contentions: The boss’s state of mind matters: The Harvard Business Review reports that â€Å"A surly and merciless supervisor makes a harmful association loaded up with negative underachievers who overlooks openings; a persuasive, comprehensive pioneer brings forth acolytes for whom any test is conquerable. The last connection in the chain is execution: benefit or misfortune. Prior research led at Cornell found that a perky domain encourages mental productivity, improving individuals at taking in and getting data, at utilizing choice guidelines in complex decisions and at being adaptable in their reasoning. Some of the time it takes a kick in the pants†¦ A few people contend that a more â€Å"rough and tumble† pioneer alarms individuals out of lack of concern and into a superior zone that they may not in any case reach. Oft-refered to models: Bill Gates, one of the most extravagant, best individuals on the planet, was generally known for his cruel (essentially oppressive) the board style at Microsoft, yet nobody can preclude the remarkable strength from securing Microsoft items throughout decades. Steve Jobs, the innovative virtuoso behind Apple, is rumored to have been a nightmarish chief. As indicated by Stanford the board educator Robert Sutton, â€Å"The degree to which individuals in Silicon Valley fear Jobs is inconceivable. He caused individuals to feel awful; he made individuals cry.† You choose: After perusing both arrangement of contentions, which do you find generally convincing? Why? Realizing that at any rate, a perky, motivational, idealistic supervisor is progressively charming, what solid advances can a g

The Negative Effects of the Internet

I completely can't help contradicting the idea that â€Å"When you give everybody a voice and everybody power, the framework as a rule winds up in a great place†. This thought isn't just gullible and absurd yet basically false. Digital harassing , digital following and digital pedophilia are dangers that have jumped up lately pair with the advanced wonder that is web based life where everybody’s voice and feeling can be heard (well, read ) regardless of how improper illicit or harming it might be to someone else or even a gathering of people.Along with these the internet based issues, content shared or posted online can frequently step over the edge of the web and influence somebody’s everyday life. In any case, occasional the voice and force given by the web and internet based life is liable for mindfulness crusades, for example, â€Å"Kony 2012†. Tragically the unforgiving and severe the truth is, when individuals can take cover behind PC screens, even i ncrease namelessness on the off chance that they wish, the darker side of an individual regularly radiates through and the framework doesn't wind up in â€Å"a great place†.Cyber bulling, the scourge of my age and numerous ages to come is awful, annihilating and proud. Prior to the times of online networking and even across the board cell phone possession, let’s state pre 2000 tormenting would for the most part happen in school hallways, perhaps inside clubs or associations and inside the working environment. Despite the fact that harassing was and consistently will be a horrible encounter, in those days it was escapable, a survivor of harassing could return home, or to a companions house or anyplace truly outside where they were being harassed and be liberated from it.With the approach of informal communication and instant messages the torment of harassing has been made certain. Toxically worded instant messages, tormenting divider posts and deriding remarks being ter minated at an individual night and day by a weakling holing up behind a PC screen is taking harassing to a totally different extraordinary. As I would like to think digital harassing is unmistakably progressively impeding, awful and determined then common tormenting , in view of the force an individual can feel taking cover behind a PC screen punching out letters, words ,sentences at a fast pace not in any event, confronting the individual the poisonous words are focused on. Web well known â€Å" previous â€Å"site model† and myspace young lady Leda Muir conceded she has been a casualty of pernicious ,hostile and compromising messages on the web and in the past was likewise blameworthy of sending them to others. She depicts the â€Å"instant rush† sending hostile messages gave her, and how she basically disregarded it minutes after the fact. At the point when she discusses accepting remarks and messages like the ones she herself once sent, it is a completely unique e xperience.She depicts how each defamatory remark and message she got remained with her for a considerable length of time, and how it affected her put down, embarrassed and discouraged in any event, when she didn’t know any of the domineering jerks by and by. These harassers presumably felt a comparable race to the one Leda depicted ,which most likely originates from feeling â€Å"drunk on power† after all force adulterates and total force debases completely. In the year 2,000 and twelve digital following was progressively regular then physical harassment.While in specific perspectives it is like digital tormenting it is all the more upsetting, it depends on a wound fixation on normally a solitary individual with a decided and unreasonable need to control that individual in some viewpoint. Not at all like digital domineering jerks, digital stalkers are not pursuing a moment power high; they want something a lot darker. The point of a digital stalker is to get their casu alty to respect them somehow and may include others in this plan.Social media empowers these people to get data, for example, where you live, work and even who your relatives are which thus enables them to make dangers to you web based utilizing this data. As extraordinary as it sounds anybody could be digital followed, even things being what they are, Mark Zuckerburg himself who presumably has the most vigorously ensured profile on facebook.His stalker Pradeep Manukonda endeavored to contact both Zuckerburg and his sister Randi mentioning cash. At the point when the police advised him to stop reaching Zuckerburg , he disregarded them and kept on sending the facebook Ceo messages, written by hand letters(in one of which he portrays the â€Å"power to impart) and blossoms. He even went to the degree of making a trip to confront book’s fundamental workplaces and even Mark Zuckerburg’s house.This was clearly a horrendous encounter for Zuckerburg has he took out a limitin g request against his stalker , this is a prime case of when everybody is given force purchase data got on the web, things don't end in a decent spot. At last the most sickening and upsetting risk on the web, digital pedophilia. 99% of kids between the ages of twelve and seventeen approach the web and this is something digital predators are very much aware of.Using visit rooms, web cam and a variety of interpersonal organizations pedophiles have the ability to search out potential casualties. For instance in 2,000 and three , a man posted a message in a talk room mentioning sexual favors in return for cash, to straighten something up a couple of multi year old young ladies reacted to this message and they were both disregarded. The man likewise messaged the casualties so as to scare and compromise them. This obviously shows how someone can manhandle the voice and force given to them by the internet to horrendous effect.When everybody is given a voice, and surrendered power it is to the individual themselves how they utilize that power. Some my bring issues to light, some my ascent to famous â€Å"internet fame† and some may simply go through twenty minutes perusing their news source. Anyway the possibility of the entire framework winding up in a decent spot is one of imagination, a few people can transform into power hungry beasts on the web while others may manhandle their voice and force for upsetting reasons. At the point when you give each one a voice and everybody power, the framework won’t end up in a great spot.

From Unilineal Cultural Evolution To Functionalism Essays

From Unilineal Cultural Evolution To Functionalism A few anthropological speculations rose during the mid twentieth century. Apparently, the most significant of these was Functionalism. Bronislaw Malinowski was an unmistakable anthropologist in Britain during that time and had extraordinary effect on the improvement of this hypothesis. Malinowski recommended that people have certain physiological needs and that societies create to address those issues. Malinowski considered those to be as being sustenance, generation, safe house, and assurance from adversaries. He likewise recommended that there were other essential, socially inferred necessities and he saw these as being financial matters, social control, training, and political association Malinowski suggested that the way of life of any individuals could be clarified by the capacities it performed. The elements of a culture were performed to meet the fundamental physiological and socially inferred necessities of its individual constituents. A. R. Radcliff-Brown was a contemporary of Malinowski's in Britain who likewise had a place with the Functionalist way of thinking. Radcliff-Brown contrasted from Malinowski extraordinarily however, in his way to deal with Functionalism. Malinowski's accentuation was on the people inside a culture and how their needs molded that culture. Radcliff-Brown idea people insignificant, in anthropological examination. He believed that the different parts of a culture existed to keep that culture in a steady and consistent state. Radcliff-Brown concentrated consideration on social structure. He proposed that a general public is an arrangement of connections keeping up itself through computerized criticism, while establishments are deliberate arrangements of connections whose capacity is to keep up the general public as a framework. Goldschmidt (1996): 510 Simultaneously as the hypothesis of Functionalism was creating in Britain; the hypothesis of Culture and Personality was being created in America. The investigation of culture and character tries to comprehend the development and improvement of individual or social way of life as it identifies with the encompassing social condition. Barnouw (1963): 5. At the end of the day, the character or brain science of people can be examined and ends can be drawn about the Culture of those people. This way of thinking owes a lot to Freud for its accentuation on brain science (character) and to an abhorrence for the supremacist hypotheses that were well known inside Anthropology and somewhere else around then. American anthropologist Ruth Benedict built up the Culture and Personality school. She depicted societies as being of four kinds Apollonian, Dionysian, Paranoid and Meglomaniac. Benedict utilized these sorts to describe different societies that she considered. The most celebrated example of the school of Culture and Personality is Margaret Mead. Margaret Mead was an understudy of Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict. In spite of the fact that over the span of her vocation she would overshadow the popularity of her mentors, especially the last mentioned. Mead's first field study was on the Pacific Island of Samoa, where she contemplated the lives of the youthful young ladies in that culture. From this field study, she delivered her popular work Coming of Age in Samoa (1949). In this work, she examined the connection among culture and character by contrasting the lives of teenagers in Samoa to those of American young people. She focused especially on the sexual encounters of the young ladies she concentrated in Samoan culture; reaching the determination that the explicitly lenient environment of Samoan culture created more advantageous less ?turbulent? youths than that of her own progressively quelled American culture. The speculations of Culture and Personality and Functionalism tended to and disproved a large number of the more curious parts of the Evolutionary and Diffusionist hypotheses of the nineteenth century. The system created by these pioneers is still being used by anthropologists today. That is, member perception and a total contribution in the way of life and language of the individuals being contemplated. Eric Wolf counters the functionalist position by recommending that a culture can't be seen just in relationship to the brain research of the people inside the way of life and the ends that may be drawn from that. Wolf considers culture to be society as a procedure of organizing and change. He battles that a general public must be found in its chronicled setting. At the point when Wolf says - The functionalists, thusly, dismissed inside and out the approximated history of the diffusionists for the examination of inner working putatively detached wholes Wolf (1982), he is disagreeing with the rejection of the verifiable setting of a general public and the putative disconnection of social orders. He

Minerals Examples

Minerals Examples Minerals Whenever kids get together and play the guessing game 20 Questions, the first question is usually, "Is it animal, vegetable, or mineral?" That's because any native substance on Earth that is not animal or plant matter is referred to as a mineral. Rocks and minerals are often combined into one field of science and studied together, but they each have unique characteristics. Minerals are an inorganic substance that occurs naturally in the Earth, and each one has a consistent and individual set of physical properties like its crystalline structure, its level of hardness, its color, and more. Each mineral has a chemical composition that can be expressed by a chemical formula. Mineral is also used as the catch-all generic term for a substance found on Earth that has an organic origin, like coal, but that isn't a living thing. Examples of Minerals: 1. Geology Minerals found in the Earth's crust include things like salt, coal, iron, ore, shale, and diamonds, just to name a few. While there are a number of elements on the periodic table that can be extracted from the Earth's crust, minerals are often mined as well, hence the similarity in the terms. 2. Nutrition There are a number of nutrients that are vital for living things' growth and function, and many of these are referred to as minerals. Calcium, sodium, iron, zinc, potassium, and magnesium are just a few of the minerals found in a healthy, natural diet, and these minerals support everything from bone growth to red blood cell production. Likewise, plants need minerals too, and depending on the type of plant those minerals and their concentrations will vary. While animals ingest the minerals they need from their food sources, plants will absorb minerals from the soil, which led to the all-important discovery of crop rotation to avoid depleting necessary minerals. 3. Minerals in Food The term "mineral" can also refer to a food additive that makes food healthier or tastier, as in the case of mineral water. This water often contains quinine, a necessary nutrient, and once came from natural springs where the mineral was absorbed into the water. Now, quinine is artificially added to water to produce mineral water or tonic water. Soda water and soft drinks have also been called mineral water in some cultures due to the addition of carbonic acid to produce the bubbly effect.

One-On-One Model Why It Would Be Best Suited For This Digital Age - 550 Words

One-On-One Model: Why It Would Be Best Suited For This Digital Age (Essay Sample) Content: One-on-One Model (Home-school –Tutor) Student Name Institution One-on-One Model (Home-school –Tutor) The One-on-One model is the best education model for the school. The model creates an individualized teaching program where the teacher is assigned a class size of one. The student receives undivided attention from the teacher. The student is able to ask for guidance and clarification on contentious issues related to the subject at hand. Furthermore, the method of delivery is individualized. Each student has unique needs (Bogdan, 2006). They have different rates of understanding concepts. Therefore, the tutor is able to identify a particular student’s needs, and his/her abilities. Knowing this helps the tutor integrate the best method of instruction to help the student grasp the principles easily. The model is student-driven. The instructor is committed to hearing the student and providing feedback. The instructor is more of a mentor in this case than the usual administrator (Falchikov, 2013). The student determines the pace of the instruction. The teacher will only proceed to the next concept if the student has thorough knowledge of the concept at hand. To test the student’s proficiency, the teacher administers random assignments, and/or questions. These are cumulatively compiled to given the final mark of the student. Whether a student passes or fails a class is dependent on his/her final mark (Hossain, 2016). Therefore, the model ensures the student has thorough knowledge of the subject before proceeding to the next class. However, the model is cost-effective for schools. It requires extensive professionals to cater for each student in the school. In this model, the teacher-to-student ratio is 1:1. Considering the number of students in the school, it is going to require massive hiring to run the program in the school. Even if each student is allocated precise times with a teacher, it would take more time to address all the principles for each student to complete the course. However, an appreciable n umber of teachers can be employed by the school. Each teacher will be assigned a given set of students, for example 10 students. The teacher is expected to conduct the one-to-one instruction with each student on a given day. Through this, the model can address the students’ proficiency at a much reduced cost compared to the 1:1 teacher-student ratio. The instructional methods used in this model include the use of video, audiobooks, software and even direct instruction (Bogdan, 2006). Direct instruction would involve telling the student the way forward on a given question, what is expected of him/her and how to go about the question. For example, in a mathematical question, the teacher will explain a step-by-step analogy of the question, only leaving the student to do the calculations and give the final result. The audiobooks and videos provide a real experience of the principles being taught. Students are more likely to understand a concept better when they see a person do i t or even a real-world application of the conce...

The Issue Of Breast Cancer - 830 Words

Introduction: Background: The issue of breast cancer affecting many individuals is a growing one. At the present time period it is now found that one in every eight women will be told they have breast cancer (â€Å"National Breast Cancer Foundation†, 2012). Therefore there is a significant amount of research going into this area. In addition, to the large amount of women and smaller amount of men who will be potentially diagnosed with breast cancer has become a global burden because those with metastatic cancer will eventually have cancer cells travel to other parts of their body (â€Å"National Breast Cancer Foundation†, 2012). MCF-7 cells are commonly used to study the mechanism of action and how the tumor works for human breast cancer (Osborn, Trent Hobbs, n.d.). These types of cells are the most common in laboratories for cancer research. According to C. Osborn MCF-7 cells are used because they typically â€Å"demonstrate similar morphology†, however the chromosomal stru ctures can be different. Thus leading to varied results. In addition, Osborn states that MCF-7 cell lines will usually have estrogen receptors, and progesterone receptors. The amounts of estrogen and progesterone receptors can affect the proliferation of the cells. (Osborn, Trent, Hobbs, n.d.). Therefore, the experiment will be using cells taken from a sixty nine year old patient with metastatic cancer. In recent studies, MCF-7 cells have been studied to find what chemical agents cause the cells to proliferateShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Breast Cancer1233 Words   |  5 PagesFrame: Issue To hear the word cancer come out of a providers mouth can be one of the scariest times of anyone life. So many questions pop into ones head, what do I have or how did I get it, and what do I do know. Breast and cervical cancer are two of the most common cancers diagnosed in women worldwide (Siegel, Miller, Jemal, 2015). Breast cancer starts to develop when cells in the breast start to grow out of control and form tumors (American Cancer Society , 2015). The population that breast cancerRead MoreThe Issues of Breast Cancer in Nigeria Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages‘mild breast lumps.’ It is an ailment that could lead to breast cancer. We are happy to see women respond to our awareness programs.† said Dr. Rosa Phil (1). In her article, Dr. Phil commends Mrs. Anyanwu for taking action against breast cancer as she recommends all women do the same. The issue of breast cancer is fast becoming a major one. There is a huge hole to be filled in the area of breast cancer awareness in Nigeria. An article posted in the ‘The Daily Trust’ titled, â€Å"Breast Cancer amongstRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Widespread Condition And A Genuine Wellbeing Issue1767 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction: Cancer is a widespread condition and a genuine wellbeing issue(1). More than one in three individuals will add to some type of cancer at some stage in their lifetime. There are several distinct sorts of cancer(1). The most widely recognized cancer in Saudi Arabia in 2010 are: Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), Thyroid Cancer, Leukemia(2). The frequency of cancer in Saudi Arabia reported by the Saudi Cancer Registry between January 01 and December 31, 2010Read MoreBreast Cancer : A Major Health Issue For Men Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesProstate cancer is a major health issue for men in New Zealand. This essay will discuss a health initiative that aims to improve health outcomes for men and the role of the nurse in the health initiative. 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Komen only about 5 to 10% of breast cancer in the United States are due to inherited genes mutation. In other words, breast cancer is not always linked from a parent to child, only a small amount of people in the U.S. have an inherited gene. Genes are pieces of DNA that every cell in the body contains which includes the genetic code for your body. If there are any changes in the genetic code- DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in the living body, there willRead MoreEssay on Male Breast Cancer 1361 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The term â€Å"breast cancer† refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast† (Breast Cancer,n.d). What society does not realize, is that men have breasts. If men can have abnormal cell growths in the breast, they are except-able to breast cancer as well. Men need to be aware of the prevention, diagnoses, and treatments for male breast cancer. Society links breast cancer to women, but what about the males in our society? Males have breast tissues, Boys andRead More Cancer Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, cancer prevalence has been increasing globally. It is now one of the top 10 causes of death among the middle and high income countries worldwide (World Health Organisation, 2008). In Singapore, cancer has surpassed cardiovascular disease and become the top killer over the last 3 years (Ministry of Health, 2007). Breast cancer tops the chart among Singaporean women (Health Promotion Board, 2007). Thousands of women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually and it causes approximatelyRead MoreBreast Cancer Awareness1695 Words   |  7 PagesThesis Statement: While both women and men can also get the breast cancer disease there is a cure with awareness to breast cancer. I. Breast Cancer and Who It Attacks A) What Is the Disease and Who It Affects 1. Disease which is a malignant cancer 2. Cells forms within the tissue of the breast 3. Victims are shocked 4. Both men and women get this disease 5. Women will be diagnosed more than men II. Common Risks Factors For Breast Cancer A) This Disease Can Be Caused By 1. One’s diet and lifestyle Read MoreWomen’S Health Issues Require Separate And Unique Attention1205 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s health issues require separate and unique attention from the medical world. Women represent the transition that society is also facing in regard to economics, health and wellness issues. ‘Healthy mind does, indeed produce a healthy body’. While, women are suffering from various health issues from past. Although, men and women share many health concerns. Women health issues include conditions that only effect women anatomy such as from child birth, pregnancy, menstruation till menopause. These

What to Do When Youre Accepted to Grad School

You eagerly rip open the envelope: ACCEPTED! Success! Youve worked long and hard to obtain a range of necessary experiences, including a high GPA, research and practical experiences, and good relationships with faculty. You successfully navigated the application process, which is no easy feat. Regardless, many applicants feel both elated and puzzled after receiving word of their acceptance to graduate school. Elation is obvious but confusion is also common, as students wonder about their next steps. So what should you do after learning that you are accepted to graduate school? Get Excited First, take the time to enjoy this fantastic moment. Experience excitement and emotions as you see fit. Some students cry, others laugh, some jump up and down, and others dance. After spending the last year or more focused on the future, enjoy the moment. Happiness is a normal and expected response to being accepted and choosing a graduate program. However many students are surprised that they also feel antsy and even a little sad. Unsettling feelings are common and are usually an expression of emotional exhaustion after the stress of waiting for an extended period of time. Survey the Terrain Get your bearings. How many applications did you submit? Is this your first acceptance letter? It may be tempting to accept an offer immediately but if you have applied to other graduate programs, wait. Even if you are not waiting to hear about other applications, do not immediately accept the offer. Carefully consider the offer and the program before accepting or declining an offer of admission. Never Hold on Two or More Offers If you are fortunate, this admissions offer is not your first. Some applicants prefer to hold on to all admissions offers and make a decision once they have heard from all graduate programs. I advise against holding onto multiple offers for at least two reasons. First, choosing among graduate programs is challenging. Deciding among three or more offers of admission, considering all of the pros and cons, is overwhelming and can impair decision-making. Second, and more importantly, holding onto an offer of admission that you do not intend to accept prevents wait-listed applicants from gaining admission. Clarify Details As you consider offers, examine the specifics. Are you going for a masters or doctorate? Have you been offered financial aid? A teaching position or research assistantship? Do you have enough financial aid, loans, and cash to afford graduate study? If you have two offers, one with aid and one without, you might explain this to your contact in admissions and hope for a better offer. At any rate, be sure you know what you are accepting (or declining). Make a Decision In many cases, decision-making entails choosing among two graduate programs. What factors do you consider? Consider funding, academics, reputation, and your gut intuition. Also consider your personal life, your own desires, and your quality of life. Dont just look within. Talk to other people. Close friends and family know you well and can offer a fresh perspective. Professors can discuss the decision from an academic and career development perspective. Ultimately, the decision is yours. Weigh the pros and cons. Once you have reached a decision, dont look back. Graduate Programs Once you have made a decision, do not hesitate to inform graduate programs. This is especially true of the program whose offer you are declining. Once they receive word that you are declining their offer of admission, they are free to inform applicants on the wait list of their admittance. How do you accept and decline offers? Email is an entirely appropriate means of communicating your decision. If you accept and decline offers of admission by email, remember to be professional. Use proper forms of address and a polite, formal writing style thanking the admissions committee. Then either accept or decline the offer of admission. Celebrate Now that the work of evaluating, decision making, and informing graduate programs is done, celebrate. The waiting period is done. The difficult decisions are over. You know what you will be doing next year. Enjoy your success.

Compensation Benefits Essay - 6166 Words

Running Head: COMPENSATON AND BENEFITS Compensation and Benefits in the Twenty-first Century Abstract Team platinum will explore compensation and benefits in the 21st century. Any review of total compensation must include the crucial areas of health and retirement benefits and financial compensation, as well as discuss the implications of pivotal changes in the market and demographics which impact organizations and overall performance management issues. There are several different compensation and benefit strategies that can be combined in innovative ways to meet the needs of the both the organization and the diverse needs of the employees. The proper administration of a total compensation and benefits package is a†¦show more content†¦When it comes to an individual trying to figure out how much pay they feel they deserve to be paid, they must consider the job they are applying for and the compensation packages the organization is offering. They must decide what is important to them. Do they want benefits like family insurance, dental insurance, profit sharing or other perks? Or do they want to eliminate those perks and take more pay in their place? â€Å"Today more and more employers are experimenting with flexible compensation packages† (Krannich Krannich, 2005, p.38). These perks tend to add up when translated to dollar amounts. Many employers will offer numerous compensation packages where employees can pick and choose or mix and match what they feel are important to them at that point in their life (Krannich Krannich, 2005). Salary Negotiation Tips for Professionals also suggests that employees should negotiate their base pay. What it comes down to is base pay is a major indicator of an employees’ value, as well as the way to compare the value of different positions. Most employees can expect that their base pay is about 60-80 percent of a total compensation package. An employee must not overlook or not focus on the other portion of the package. There is another 20-40 percent of that compensation package that can also be negotiated. It is all in how the employer and employee structure the individual’sShow MoreRelatedCompensation and Benefits1695 Words   |  7 Pages | |Compensation and Benefits | |Human Resource Management Coures | | Employee compensation and benefits are critical factors in the new hire acceptance process andRead MoreCompensation and Benefits2496 Words   |  10 PagesCompensation and Benefits: Methods, Strategies and Performances LaTonya Hopes This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Human Resource Administration BUS 5273-50 Texas Woman s University School of Management Dr. Derek Crews February 8, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 LiteratureRead MoreCompensation and Benefits Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Project The Compensation and Benefits of the Dooly County School System [pic] Renee Bowens HRM430 Professor Eureka Hampton August 16, 2009 DeVry University Abstract This report will show what compensation and benefits are offered to the employees of Dooly County. It will also show how a sick leave bank would benefit the employees that have exhausted their sick and personal leave days in order to care for themselves or their families. I hope this paper will show readers thatRead MoreConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits Abstract Compensation is one of the most important considerations perspective employees will make prior to accepting a job offer. For this reason, another performance of Human Resource (HR) professionals is the compensation analysis. The focus of the analyst in this position is to use strategy in formulating compensation and benefits packages that are attractive and conducive to maintaining talented employees (Editorial Board, 2011). As another criticalRead MoreBenefits Of A Executive Compensation1390 Words   |  6 Pagescomplaining about the high executive compensation in the companies. They believe that such executives are draining the resources of such companies at the expense of the shareholders. Despite the non-binding votes from the shareholders against high levels of executive pay, many companies have given a deaf ear to them. Reduction of executive compensation has been a major challenge to many companies. There are various impediments in effecting a reduction in executive compensation. Hiring and retaining top-caliberRead MoreEssay on Compensation and Benefits Strategy1040 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation and Benefits Strategy Landslide Limousine (LL), a small business in Austin, Texas, hired Atwood and Allen Consulting (AAC) to conduct a market evaluation and provide recommendations for the following: a position in the market, a compensation structure, a total compensation and benefits strategy, and performance incentives and merit-based pay to recognize and engage employees. This will help to identify applicable laws related to pay and benefits. This paper includes citations fromRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Compensation Packages1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a compensation packages? Compensation packages are a group of different benefits that employees gain for employers. Compensation is needed for every business no matter what it is to be successful; I do not know anyone who would work for free. (â€Å"Cost-benefit analysis assesses the profitability of a financial endeavor by considering the present value of each cost and benefit. Present values are used under the assumption that money avail able now is worth more than money in the future. That isRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Package Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction – Employee Compensation and Benefits This paper will outline an employee compensation and benefits package for a new hire for a secretary for the department. First, it will describe the organization I chose for designating a compensation package. Next, this paper will develop an employee compensation and benefits package for this new position. This paper will outline an employee compensation and benefits package for a new hire for a secretary for the department. First, it will describeRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Packages Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Compensation and Benefits Organizations create compensation and benefits packages in order to attract the best talent. In today’s global economy it is imperative that organizations offer compensation packages that are competitive in order to recruit the very best talent in the world. However, in order to be successful, compensation packages must align with business strategies. Authors â€Å"Mathis, Jackson, and Valentine (2014) explain that an effective total rewards approach balances theRead MoreEmployee Compensation And Benefits Packages Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In today’s competitive workforce, compensation and benefit packages plays a crucial role on recruitment and retention for both the organization and the employee. Bumpbie finds itself in a situation where it could positively affect its employee’s morale, turnover rate and longevity; by making a strategic decision to implement compensation and benefit packages that will encourage current workers to stay and entice new applicants. Money is not always the inherent reason businesses experience

The Importance Of Interpersonal Communication For Having A...

I would like to share some communication concepts that I recently learned in a class I am taking. Interpersonal communication is needed when starting any new relationship. Communication becomes vital in continuing and maintaining these relationships.The concepts are based on the importance of interpersonal communication for having a healthy marriage. Our body language and spoken words often get read the wrong way which sometimes has a negative impact on our relationship. Many times you hear that marriage changes the relationship in part because communication and other attributes fall to the wayside, â€Å"about 40 to 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce†. I hope this letter will be a reference in helping you effectively†¦show more content†¦When we feel fear communications get impaired. To avoid being misunderstood we say nothing to keep from losing control of our emotions. We suppress them and don’t communicate them in order to be liked b ut then we say what your partner wants to hear. In order for an interdependent relationship to flourish each person will need a strong personal foundation upon which to build the relationship. â€Å"Researchers believe that self -concept is a complex mix of how we see ourselves, what others have told us about ourselves, and what society says we should be† .Self-concept goes further into our psyche and brings up thoughts on what you can contribute to the relationship and how you want the other person to look at you. Keeping this in mind both of you need to remember that being married does not mean you have to fall into these antiquated roles. In the past children were raised to fill certain roles in society depending on their gender. As society has changed so has the personal concept of self. Men are home makers and women are leading corporations. â€Å"In 2010, the Federal Reserve Bank surveyed Americans and asked who controls more private wealth in this country, men or wome n. Seventy-six percent of Americans said men and were shocked to learn that, in fact, women were in the majority, at 51 percent, compared to men at 49 percent. It is predicted that this trend will continue, with estimates that the female majority will increase to 66 percent by

The Techniques Used in American Beauty free essay sample

Throughout American Beauty, Mendes? use of set design and camera angles have been carefully structured to emphathise the ? lm? s theme of imprisonment. In the opening scene the audience? s introduction to the lead character is Lester Burnham taking a shower. Mendes (1999) states this is the ? rst jail cell the audience sees Lester in, a range of various jail cell type settings appear throughout the ? lm including Lester presented excessively behind glass, between frames and at work, where he is con? ned to a small cubicle in a very large of? ce (Appalachian, 2009). The effect of Lester imprisoned suggests he is isolated and removed from the world around him. The camera angles used exaggerate this and highlight Lester? s de? ation of power against the signi? cant people in his life. This technique is shown to de? ne the relationship between Lester and his boss, Brad. During a private conversation about budget cuts at work, Brad? s superiority is enforced as he shot from a low angle, whereas Lester is shot from a high angle, this creates the effect that Lester is far away from Brad, which demonstrates to the audience the vast power Brad has over him. Mendes (1999) describes Lester as â€Å"distant and isolated† in this scene. This technique is also replicated throughout the movie to emphathise Lester? s detached relationship from his wife, Carolyn and daughter, Jane. The scene where Lester is seen to delay his wife by spilling his briefcase on the pavement before entering the car, Carolyn, similarly to Brad is shot from a low angle again which enforces Lester? s lack of power and her superiority. Interestingly, as the ? lm progresses and Lester? relationships evolve, the camera angles also evolve in reverse and the audience begins to see Lester shot in a low angle and characters like Carolyn are shot in a high angle, indicating that Carolyn is now vulnerable. These altered camera angles give Lester a triumphant image. Another technique Mendes uses is colour. The use of colour is often an important technique utilised by ? lm directors to communicate themes and ideas to an audience. In American Beauty, Mendes powerfully uses colour to communicate that the characters are attempting to escape from their imprisonment. Initially the characters are seen in environments that are very dull and nondescript, as Mendes (1999) states when referring to Lester? s work setting. As Lester? s quest for escapement gains momentum, the vivid colour of red is gradually introduced more into this ? lm through subtle furnishings in the Burnham house and particularly integrated with Lester? s sexual fantasies. The use of the vibrant, red rose petal is ? rst introduced when Lester and Carolyn attend Jane? s cheer performance, where Lester loses himself as he enters his ? rst â€Å"tunnel of fantasy† (Mendes, 1999). Deschler (1999) states the rose is symbolic of American beauty, and the colour red symbolises passion and love. The signi? cance of the rose petal and the colour red is repeatedly seen throughout the ? lm in house furnishings such as a bouquet of roses on the coffee table and vividly in Lester? s fantasies about Jane? s friend, Angela, the increasing level of red in the ? lm is in conjunction with Lester? s progressing sexual drive and transformation. The ? ourishing presence of the colour red, acknowledges Lester? s ? erce lust and desire to be free. This is effectively conveyed during the scene where Lester visualises Angela in a vibrant sea of roses, touching herself seductively on his bedroom ceiling, also when Lester buys the car â€Å"he has always wanted† (Ball, 1999), which is a 1970 Firebird and strategically, red. Music is a powerful medium in ? lm and Mendes uses the soundtrack in American Beauty to articulate the character? s evolving personalities and relationships, and to set the tone of each scene, particularly noticeable during Lester? s transformation. Composer, Thomas Newman? score is described as â€Å"lonely and melancholy† (Mendes, 1999), which is an appropriate expression for Lester? s existence at the beginning of this ? lm. This is similarly demonstrated and supports to de? ne the initial relationship between Lester and Carolyn, as shown by the dull music that Carolyn chooses to play at the dinner table. When Lester? s journey to freedom gains speed, evidently his sense of self worth has increased as there is an optimistic lift in the genre of music that is played as the backdrop to Lester? s life. This melancholy music played at the beginning of the ? m, begins to disappear and is replaced by fast paced, rock music. Simultaneously as Lester? s lifestyle transforms into marijuana smoking and employment at a fast food restaurant, so does too his interest in listening to seventies rock music (Deschler, 1999). At the height of Lester? s transformation, an important scene where the soundtrack effectively communicates a liberating change in personality is when he is recklessly driving his 1970 Firebird, whilst singing along to Guess Who? s rock hit â€Å"American Woman,† he con? dently sings the lyrics â€Å"American woman, stay away from me† (Ball, 2009). This rebellious choice of song supports Lester? s new found freedom from his corporate life and could even suggest that Lester is newly unaffected by his wife? s judgements and bounds by recreating his lost youth. In many of the fantasy sequences involving Angela, the music composed is seductive and trancelike, which mirror? s the effect Angela has on Lester (Huffstutler, 2009), the technique of soundtrack is effectively used here to set a strong tone for the audience. In American Beauty, director, Sam Mendes uses the Burnham family to demonstrate the breakdown of a suburban family and possibly to encourage his audience to ? ook closer? and past what often appears, to be a seamless, picture perfect life. American Beauty effectively employs the techniques of set design, camera angles, colour and soundtrack to convey the meaning of this ? lm, which is to escape from imprisonment.

Neuromarketing Assessment for Eectroencephalography-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNeuromarketing Assessment for Eectroencephalography. Answer: Research Field There have been recent significant improvements in Neuromarketing strategies performed by businesses across the world. Neuromarketing can be defined as the procedure for applying neuroscience to improve product marketing (Lee, Broderick, Chamberlain, 2007). Consumer neuroscience encompasses the application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), biometrics, electroencephalography (EEG), eye tracking, facial coding etcetera to assess a consumers reaction to specific commodities, advertising, packaging and other elements of marketing. However, the application of this marketing strategy violates some of the basic ethical issues like consumer privacy and company transparency. Neuromarketing is also an expensive way of marketing. Secondary Data Data on the impact of human reaction and emotions in marketing can be readily accessed in https://www.bestmarketingdegrees.org/neuromarketing/, containing reports of the facts related to this field. Similarly, information on the expense of conducting some of the Neuromarketing strategies can be accessed in https://www.forbes.com/forbes/neuromarketing-tapping-into-the-pleasure-center-of-consumers/. Research Questions The primary aim of this research is to find out the advantages and disadvantages of neuroscience in business marketing. The following research questions will help in the study. Do human emotions affect a consumers decision to purchase a product? Is Neuromarketing a worthy investment in terms of cost-benefit analysis? Search Terms Some of the major search terms used in this research include the following: product promotion, Neuromarketing, cost-benefit analysis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) etcetera. They are critical to the study and comprehension of the subject matter. Merged Articles Morin, C. (2011) and Ariely and Berns, (2010), agree that Neuromarketing is rapidly gaining popularity in the business marketing today. This can be attributed to its effectiveness in achieving the organizations marketing goals. However, Murphy, Illes, and Reiner, (2008) argue that the ethical issues in this field need to be carefully addressed before fully adopting the Neuromarketing project. Consumer privacy and company transparency are too great deals to ignore simply. References Ariely, D., Berns, G. S. (2010). Neuromarketing: the hope and hype of neuroimaging in business. Nature reviews neuroscience, 11(4), 284. Lee, N., Broderick, A. J., Chamberlain, L. (2007). What is Neuromarketing? A discussion and agenda for future research. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63(2), 199-204. Morin, C. (2011). Neuromarketing: the new science of consumer behavior. Society, 48(2), 131-135. Murphy, E. R., Illes, J., Reiner, P. B. (2008). Neuroethics of Neuromarketing. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7(4?5), 293-302.

Of Mice and Men Creative Assignment #11 Essays -

Of Mice and Men Creative Assignment #11 The theme of isolation was very important in the novel . I think that Crooks, Curley's Wife and Candy illustrated this theme a lot. I think that Crooks experienced the most loneliness in the novel mainly because he was black. He illustrates his loneliness by being very defensive of his small shed next to the barn because it was all he had and he was not allowed to go anywhere else. Curley's wife was also very lonely because she was the only female at the ranch. She illustrated her loneliness by expressing it a lot in the novel , like when she said "I never get to talk to nobody I get awful lonely". It shows that she gets very lonely because all the men are working and she stays home by herself with no one to talk to. Candy is isolated after the loss of his hand because he is not able to work with the other men and is just a swamper . Once his dog is shot he thinks that he has nothing else because that was his best friend. E was lonely that he was willing to move out of the ranch with George and Lennie. The author wants us to know that there are different types of ways to be lonely some people could look fine but are very lonely in the inside because they don't have a specific person to talk to.

Preparing For a Short Sequence Essay

Preparing For a Short Sequence EssayThe short sequence essay is an important subject matter for any high school student. The subject matter often has an impact on student's grades and is an important part of their high school transcripts. If you are a high school student who would like to write this essay, there are some things that you should know about how to do it effectively.First of all, you will need to make sure that you understand the writing process of the short sequence essay. This essay is not a simple form of vocabulary word game. You must take this essay seriously and be sure that you are doing this right. There are many different ways that you can prepare for this essay. For example, you could decide to work on a practice essay with your friends.Another great way to prepare for this type of essay is to spend some time reading an essay that was a part of a short sequence. As you are going through this essay, pay attention to the content. After you understand the content, you will be able to have a better idea of what to expect from the subject matter.You should also keep in mind that the short sequence essay is not meant to be an easy assignment. If you are having trouble writing this essay, you may want to consider taking some college-level English classes. Doing so will give you a better understanding of how to do this essay.You will need to know the correct format for your essay. It will be helpful if you find a software program that will help you create a properly formatted essay. Then, once you know how to format the essay, you will be able to enjoy the results of your writing.A good tip to keep in mind is to start by making notes about the essay. Then, you will be able to follow along with your notes to help you when you are writing the essay. In fact, this is the best way to make sure that you follow through with your notes correctly.Now, the next thing that you will need to do to prepare for the short sequence essay is to familiarize yourse lf with the basics of essay writing. There are many different types of academic subjects that you can take part in. You will want to make sure that you know these types of subjects as well.With a little bit of effort, you will be able to prepare for this essay. If you are working with a writing sample, this will help you a lot. You will learn a lot about how to write this essay, which is always helpful.

List of Phrases Shakespeare Invented

List of Phrases Shakespeare Invented Four centuries after his death, we are still using Shakespeares phrases in our everyday speech. This list of phrases Shakespeare invented is a  testament that the Bard  has had a huge influence on the English language. Some people today reading Shakespeare for the first time complain that the language is difficult to understand, yet we are still using hundreds of words and phrases coined by him in our everyday conversation. You have probably quoted Shakespeare thousands of times without realizing it. If your homework gets you â€Å"in a pickle,† your friends have you â€Å"in stitches,† or your guests â€Å"eat you out of house and home,† then you’re quoting Shakespeare. The Most Popular Shakespearean Phrases A laughing stock (The Merry Wives of Windsor)A sorry sight (Macbeth)As dead as a doornail (Henry VI)Eaten out of house and home (Henry V, Part 2)Fair play (The Tempest)I will wear my heart upon my sleeve (Othello)In a pickle (The Tempest)In stitches (Twelfth Night)In the twinkling of an eye (The Merchant Of Venice)Mums the word (Henry VI, Part 2)Neither here nor there (Othello)Send him packing (Henry IV)Set your teeth on edge (Henry IV)Theres method in my madness (Hamlet)Too much of a good thing (As You Like It)Vanish into thin air (Othello) Origins and Legacy In many cases, scholars do not know if Shakespeare actually invented these phrases or if they were already in use during his lifetime. In fact, it is almost impossible to identify when a word or phrase was first used, but Shakespeare’s plays often provide the earliest citation. Shakespeare was writing for the mass audience, and his plays were incredibly popular in his own lifetime ... popular enough to enable him to perform for  Queen Elizabeth I and to retire a wealthy gentleman. It is unsurprising therefore that many phrases from his plays stuck in the popular consciousness and subsequently embedded themselves into everyday language. In many ways, it is like a catchphrase from a popular television show becoming part of everyday speech. Shakespeare was, after all, in the business of mass entertainment. In his day, the theater was the most effective way to entertain and communicate with large audiences. Language changes and evolves over time, so the original meanings may have been lost to language. Changing Meanings Over time, many of the original meanings behind Shakespeares words have evolved. For example, the phrase sweets to the sweet from Hamlet has since become a commonly used romantic phrase. In the original play, the line is uttered by Hamlet’s mother as she scatters funeral flowers across Ophelia’s grave in Act 5, Scene 1: Queen: (Scattering flowers) Sweets to the sweet, farewell!I hopd thou shouldst have been my Hamlets wife:I thought thy bride-bed to have deckd, sweet maid,And not have strewd thy grave. This passage hardly shares the romantic sentiment in today’s use of the phrase. Shakespeare’s writing lives on in today’s language, culture, and literary traditions because his influence (and the influence of the ​Renaissance) became an essential building block in the development of the English language. His writing is so deeply ingrained in the culture that it is impossible to imagine modern literature without his influence.

Parliamentary Supremacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Parliamentary Supremacy - Essay Example This actually outlines why the term parliamentary supremacy has been used. â€Å" Judicial statements that the court must simply interpret and apply that which had been so enacted, and may not question the procedure by which these consents were given, represent, therefore, no more than the rule of recognition in practice.†2 He doctrine of the legislative supremacy of parliament has been so firmly established that it has scarcely been challenged in the courts. When Canon Selwyn made an application questioning the validity of the Royal Assent to the Irish Church Disestablishment Act 1869 as being inconsistent with the coronation oath and the Act of settlement, Cockburn C.J, and Blackburn J in refusing the application said:† There is no judicial body in the country by which the validity of an Act of parliament can be questioned. An Act of legislature is superior in authority to any court of law†¦.and no court could pronounce a judgment as to the validity of an Act of parliament.†3 In Martin v O’sullivan4, Nourse J and the court of appeal refused to consider a claim that proceedings in thee House of Commons during the passage of the Bill which became the social security Act 1975 were invalid because the members of the House were all disqualified from sitting. There was, according to the judges, a fundamental answer to this case, namely, that a court only look at the parliamentary roll of statutes and if it appeared that an Act had passed both Houses of parliament and had received Royal assent it could look no further. In Attorney-General for the New South Wales v Trethowan5, the constitution(Legislative council Amendment)Act 1929, an Act of the New South Wales parliament provided that the parliament’s upper House could not be abolished except by a Bill approved in a referendum after completing its parliamentary

Market Research on Radiation Therapy system Paper

Market on Radiation Therapy system - Research Paper Example Accuray’s commercial release of installed base systems has increased from zero to approximately 600 systems in a decade. These sales have been recorded mainly in the United States and internationally. The high release is as a result of the growing demand for efficient and effective radiation therapy in the market. The development of clinical evidence that support the merits of IMRT and image-guided radiotherapy is also a boost to this technology (Faiz 140). Manufacturers of Radiation Therapy systems Accuray in the third quarter of fiscal 2013 recorded an increase in new orders. The corporation has also installed TomoTherapy H series and the new Cyber-knife M6 series systems. These installations have led to an increase in the gross profit and an improvement in service revenue. A gross total of $53.8 million of new product orders have been recorded in the third quarter of fiscal 2013. The second quarter of fiscal 2013 had a gross product orders totaling to $39.8 million. The net product orders in the third quarter of fiscal 2013 amounted to $44.1 million as compared to the previous quarter with $17.9 million. The company has also recorded ending product backlog of $279.9 million marking a 7% increase from the previous quarter. ... Varian company attained net orders worth $3,122 million and recorded a total of $2,807 million revenue last year. These records show an increase in net orders from $2,933 and an increase in revenue from $2,597 in the previous year. The operating earnings of the company in the fiscal 2011 totaled $588 million which increased to $594 million in fiscal 2012. Net earnings in fiscal 2012 were $427 million from $409 million in the previous year. Elekta Oncology Systems Inc. manufactures integrated x-ray systems, linear accelerators with multileaf collimators and offers clinical solutions for patient fixation and positioning (Arno and Roeske 100). It supplies its products to cancer centers, universities and hospitals. The corporation is famous for introducing critical technological advances in the radiotherapy field. The company focuses on evidence-based medicine with the aim of saving and prolonging life. Some of the techniques used by Elekta are Stereotactic radiation therapy, Image Guide d Radiotherapy, beam shaping and motion management (David et al 730). The company expects the net sales of the fiscal year 2012/1013 to increase by 15% in local currency. It expects an increase of operating profit by over 15% despite effects of exchange rates volatility. The company recorded a total of$1.46 billion and a net income of $0.16 billion. Costs Radiation Therapy systems X-ray radiation therapy system costs about $10 million and requires less space as compared to particle beam therapies whose facility cost up to $100 million. Varian Inc. holds approximately 60% of the international market share of radiation oncology equipment. A brand new system costs $2-3

Attachment and Parenting Styles Essay Example for Free

Attachment and Parenting Styles Essay Everyone has had some type of caregiver some point in his or her life. The only difference is the type of method used for parenting. â€Å"Parenting styles have been grouped into four different styles: indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative, and uninvolved† (Darling Eric, 1999. para. 3). With each kind of parenting style, there are pros and cons that help or disrupt a child’s well-being. Parents should make sure the type of parenting style they expose their child to will be positive and not negatively affect the child. A negative impact could hinder a child’s current behavior and future behavior. Parenting Styles The authoritarian approach provides children with a set of rules that must be followed without questioning. There is a â€Å"do as I say not as I do† attitude. The authoritarian parenting style is the stricter style. According to the textbook, â€Å"The authoritarian child-rearing style is low in acceptance and involvement, high in coercive control, and low in autonomy granting† (Berk, 2010, pg. 279). Parents who use this method set strict limits and show little or no love appearing to be cold. If a child resists the parent, the parent will result into a forceful punishment. It is not uncommon for a parent with this approach to shame, blame, punish, and tease his or her child. The most common reason for parents using this method is that they do not want their children to become failures. The uninvolved approach rejects and neglects a child. According to the textbook, â€Å"the uninvolved child-rearing style combines low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy† (Berk, 2010, pg. 280). A parent will usually make few to no demands from the child. It is not uncommon for a parent to be overcome with his or her life that he or she express’s little or no interest in the child causing neglecting. A child who is around this type of atmosphere may have several problems that include antisocial behavior and developing a low self-esteem. It is possible for a parent to focus on his or her own problems that they do not realize how separate he or she is with the child and the lack of emotional support given. Types of Attachments A child who may have a parent whose parenting style is authoritarian may have a resistant attachment. â€Å"Resistant attachment affects about 10 percent of infants† (Machteld, 2011, para. 7). With resistant attachment a child is likely to be clingy, angry, and distressed. A child may cry for longer periods and cannot feel comfort as easily as other children. An uninvolved parent may have a child who expresses avoidant attachment. â€Å"This attachment affects about 15 percent of infants† (Machteld, 2011, para. 9). During this attachment a child may show a lack of interest when the parent is around. He or she will not be distraught when the parent leaves. They are not going to be clingy and will treat strangers the same as they do his or her parents. The reasons for choosing these attachments are because they go hand-in-hand with the type of parenting styles chosen. If a child has a parent with the authoritarian style of parenting he or she is likely to go through the resistant attachment. A child who has a parent uninvolved is likely to go through the avoidant attachment. Each type of parenting style will have a different type of attachment. Culture Impact and Examples Different cultures vary in the way they raise children and what is thought to be the right or wrong way. Culture can play a role in the impact of raising a child. What may be satisfactory in one culture may be wrong in another. The textbook provides several examples of culture impact and attachment patterns. â€Å"German infants show considerably more avoidant attachment than American babies do. But German parents value independence and encourage their infants to be non-clingy† (Berk, 2010. pg. 199). In one culture independence is encouraged and a child with avoidant attachment is not seen as a negative impact. In another culture a parent may believe this attachment is neglectful and not want his or her child to express this type of attachment. â€Å"Infants in Africa showed no avoidant attachment to their mothers. Even when grandmothers are the primary caregivers† (Berk, 2010. pg. 199). It is common for a Japanese baby to show resistant attachment. This is not because of any insecurity, but because a Japanese mother will normally not leave her child in anyone else’s care. Japanese parents see this as normal. Conclusion Each parent must figure out which type of parenting style works best for him or her. The type of parenting style not only affects the parent but also the child. As a responsible parent it is his or her job to make sure that the obstacles of everyday life does not hinder him or her from being a good parent. With the authoritarian style or uninvolved style a child will be shown and acquire his or her morals. It is not right to neglect or over discipline a child. A parent can be strict and loving at the same time. A child needs to have both discipline and love to be well-rounded. Too much discipline can force a child to have problems just as neglecting a child will also. There has to be a middle where the parent can realize when enough is enough. References Berk, L. E. (2010). Development through the lifespan. (5th ed., pp. 119-215). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Darling, N., ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education, C. L. (1999). Parenting Style and Its Correlates. ERIC Digest. Machteld, Hoeve (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles: Unique and combined links to adolescent and early adult delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 34813-827. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.02.004

The Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 Essay

The Effects of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 The verb copy is defined as â€Å"To reproduce an original.† (Webster, 57-58) This idea of copying has been around for hundreds of years. In the current time, laws have had to be written to protect against the idea of copying someone else’s work. There are ways around the copyright laws. â€Å"A copy is in violation of a copyright if the original can be â€Å"perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated by or from the copy, directly or indirectly.† As years go on, copyrights become more and more specific as to what uses and kinds of copying are covered. (Baase, 239) Copyrights, in general, have been around for well over 200 years. â€Å"The first U.S. copyright law was passed in 1790. This copyright only protected books, maps, and charts. The copyright law of 1790 was later revised, covering photography, sound recording and movies.† (Baase, 239) Back then, that was their version of new technology where as today, if that copyright was all we had, no one would have an original of anything and no one would probably make nearly as much profit as they do now with new copyright laws that have been passed to protect the new up to date technology. Some examples of copyrights changing with the new technology come in years following. One of these examples of a copyright being revised is the copyright of 1976 and 1980. These copyright laws were revised to include software. (Baase, 239) An example of these ever-changing laws is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. Under this act, people are prohibited in â€Å"making, distributing or using of tools, which are devices, software or services, to circumvent technological copyright protecti... ...Act of 1998 can be seen as both a positive thing and a burden on some things. The act was generated to protect the originality of work and has successfully done so. To the artists it has helped and to the users of such things as Napster, it has hurt. At any rate, the act is an important one and when used correctly prevents fraud of a different sort. Works Cited Baase, Sara. (2003). A Gift of Fire (2nd ed.).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1994). Webster’s Dictionary. Nickel Press. Lee, J. (2001, July). U.S. Arrests Russian Cryptographer as Copyright Violator. [15 paragraphs]. The New York Times. Available: www.nytimes.com/2001/07/18/technology/18CRYP.htmll?todaysheadline Brown, J. (2000, May). Napster throws Metallica a curveball. [8 paragraphs]. Salon.com. Available: http://dir.salon.com/tech/log/2000/05/10/napster_metallica/index.html

Child Development Theories Essay

While theorists have different ideas and perspectives, insight on child and adolescent development can assist teachers and parents in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential. Having knowledge about the development of a child and adolescent provides clues in understanding behavior and what is â€Å"normal,† or typical, in growth and development in the early months and years of life. Three developmental theories are broken down to understand the concepts, points of similarity and difference, and the interaction of cognitive, physical, and emotional development of a child. The three theorist perspectives analyzed in this essay include Erikson, Kohlberg, and Piaget. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory Erikson’s view Erikson’s theory is from a psychoanalytic perspective, which believes that development forms by uncontrollable forces that drive human behavior. He expands on Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages, but Erikson focuses on social changes instead of sexual (Heffner, 2004). Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development breaks down in eight stages throughout the human lifespan, and believes â€Å"personality is influenced by society and develops though a series of crisis† (Papalia, D. & Olds, S. & Feldman, R., 2006). Each of Erikson’s stages are described as a crisis in personality requiring a positive and negative trait. When the outcome of each stage (or crisis) is  successful, a virtue (or strength) develops. The eight stages include: Basic trust vs. mistrust (birth to 12-18 months); baby develops sense of whether the world is a good and safe; the virtue is hope Autonomy vs. shame (12-18 months- 3 years); child develops balance of independence and self-efficiency over shame and doubt with virtue of will Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years), child develops initiative without guilt with the virtue being purpose Industry vs. inferiority (6 years to puberty),child must learn skills of culture or face feelings of incompetence; the virtue is skill Identity vs. identity confusion (puberty to adulthood), adolescent must determine sense of self, or confusion about roles may be experienced; the virtue is fidelity Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood), person seeks to make commitments to others and when unsuccessful, isolation and self-absorption may result; the virtue is love Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood), adults are concerned guiding the next generation or feels personal impoverishment; the virtue is care Integrity vs. despair (late adulthood), acceptance of own life and death, or despairs over inability to relive life; the virtue is wisdom (Papalia, et al., 2006, table2-2) Kohlberg’s Moral Understanding Stage Theory Kohlberg’s view Kohlberg builds off of Piaget’s moral reasoning theory, but Piaget’s  viewed the concepts of development of children as fairness through interaction of peers; whereas, Kohlberg thought â€Å"all social relationships offer opportunities for social role-taking—taking the perspective of others—and thus stimulate moral development† (Papalia, et al., 2006). Kohlberg’s focus was a child’s development of right, wrong, and justice; he argues that child developments progress consecutively, and are based on spirituality and God through stages of â€Å"thought processing, implying qualitatively different modes of thinking and of problem solving† (Cory, 2006). Kohlberg explains moral reasoning in three levels and divides each into two stages. The first level, from ages 4 to 10, Kohlberg calls preconventional morality. Stage one of reasoning in preconventional morality level is a child’s orientation toward punishment and obedience. In this stage, children obey rules to avoid punishment. In stage two, instrumental purpose exchange, children â€Å"conform to rules out of self-interest and consideration for what others can do for them† (Papalia, et al., 2006). Conventional morality is the second level, reached after age 10. Maintaining mutual relations and getting approval of others, wanting to please and help others happens at stage three. In stage four, an individual begins social concern and having a conscience, and understanding the principles of authority. In level three, post-conventional morality, development is in early adolescence, young adulthood—or never. Stage five of level three describes a person developing, or understanding morality of contract, individual rights, and democratically accepting the law. In this stage, people are aware of principles and think rational deciding between human need and the law. Morality of universal ethical principles is the concept of stage six. Piaget’s Cognitive Development Stage Theory Piaget’s view Jean Piaget’s theory focused on cognitive development as mental operations mature based on â€Å"simple sensory and motor activity to logical, abstract thought† (Papalia, et al., 2006). Piaget’s view was that growth occurs as a child matures and interacts with his or her surroundings; he  looks at the human mind as a focal point and base for everything around it (Heffner, 2004). Cognitive development occurs in three interrelated processes, according to Piaget. The interrelated processes are organization, adaptation, and equilibration. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are broken down and explained in a web page created by James Atherton: Sensori-motor (0-2 yrs) Differentiates self from objects and recognizes self as agent of action and begins to act intentionally: e.g. pulls a string to set mobile in motion or shakes a rattle to make a noise; Achieves object permanence: realizes that things continue to exist even when no longer present to the sense Pre-operational (2-7 years) Learns to use language and to represent objects by images and words. Thinking is still egocentric: has difficulty taking the viewpoint of others. Classifies objects by a single feature: e.g. groups together all the red blocks regardless of shape or all the square blocks regardless of color. Concrete operational (7-11 years) Can think logically about objects and events; Achieves conservation of number (age 6), mass (age 7), and weight (age 9) .Classifies objects according to several features and can order them in series along a single dimension such as size. Formal operational (11 years and up) Can think logically about abstract propositions and test hypotheses systematically; becomes concerned with the hypothetical, the future, and ideological problems. (Atherton, 2009) Similarities, differences, & key concepts The major points of similarity, or agreement, in each viewpoint are; development occurs in stages in all three perspectives, and all theorists believe development begins from birth. One of the differences is each theorist’s interest. Erikson’s interest was in how children socialize and how this affects their sense of self. His concept was that if a stage of  crisis were unsuccessful, the result would be an inability to get to the next stage; which in turn contributes to an unhealthy personality and sense of self. Kohlberg’s interest was how children get a sense of right and wrong, with a theory that originates from character of God. Piaget’s interests were intellect and the ability to see relationships mature, with a concept based off sensory and motor activity. A difference between Kohlberg and Piaget’s theory is that Kohlberg’s theory may not apply equally to genders and cultures; whereas, Piaget’s theory is believed to be a fixed order in all children and cultures, with ages of each stage varying from child to child. The importance of understanding normal child and adolescent development Conclusion Indeed, while theorists have different ideas and perspectives, parents and teacher who have some knowledge have a better chance in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential, and they will be more aware when development and growth are in the normal range. References Cory, R. (2006, August 13). Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development. Retrieved June 29, 2009, From Aggelia Internet Publishing: http://www.aggelia.com/htdocs/kohlberg.shtml Heffner, C. L. (2004, March 21). Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development. Retrieved June 29, 2009,from All Psych Online: The Virtual Psychology Classroom: http://allpsych.com/psychology101/social_development.html Papalia, D. & Olds, S. & Feldman, R. (2006). A Child’s World: Infancy Through Adolescense . NY, NY: McGraw-Hill.